High Valyrian Vocabulary

Revision as of 01:16, 3 May 2015 (view source) Iustinus (Talk | contribs) (some vocab from Dany's titulary we had somehow previously missed) ← Older edit		Revision as of 01:26, 3 May 2015 (view source) Iustinus (Talk | contribs) m Newer edit →
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	:''v. V-fin.'' to destroy;<ref>http://www.dothraki.com/2013/06/some-more-high-valyrian-inflection/#comment-2035</ref> strike off. ''Perf.pass.part.'' '''pryjata''' "destroyed."		:''v. V-fin.'' to destroy;<ref>http://www.dothraki.com/2013/06/some-more-high-valyrian-inflection/#comment-2035</ref> strike off. ''Perf.pass.part.'' '''pryjata''' "destroyed."
	:{{Quote|Urnet luo buzdaro tolvio belma pryjātās!|Strike the chains off every slave you see!}}		:{{Quote|Urnet luo buzdaro tolvio belma pryjātās!|Strike the chains off every slave you see!}}
−	8 '''pryjatys''' [pry'jatys] {{ID|pryjatys}}	+	* '''pryjatys''' [pry'jatys] {{ID|pryjatys}}
	: ''n. {{2sol}}.'' destroyer, breaker ''( < ''{{HVlex|pryjagon}}'' + ''{{HVder|-tys}}.)''		: ''n. {{2sol}}.'' destroyer, breaker ''( < ''{{HVlex|pryjagon}}'' + ''{{HVder|-tys}}.)''
	: {{quote|Belmo Pryjatys|Breaker of Chains}}		: {{quote|Belmo Pryjatys|Breaker of Chains}}

---

Revision as of 01:26, 3 May 2015

Contents 1 High Valyrian Vocabulary List 1.1 A 1.2 B 1.3 D 1.4 E 1.5 G 1.6 H 1.7 I 1.8 J 1.9 K 1.10 L 1.11 M 1.12 N 1.13 O 1.14 P 1.15 Q 1.16 R 1.17 S 1.18 T 1.19 U 1.20 V 1.21 Y 1.22 Z 2 Abbreviations 3 Further Information 4 Notes

High Valyrian Vocabulary List

A note about the IPA pronunciation guides here. The letter kh can also be pronounced gh, k or h depending on the speaker. The same happens with th which can vary between t, s or z depending on the speaker. Finally the vowel y should be pronounced [y] but is most often pronounced [i].

A

• ābra ['aːbra]

n. 1lun. woman; coll. ābrar womankind, all women; humanity, all people;^[1] life^[2] (cf. ābrar)

• ābrar ['aːbrar]

n. 6col.lun life.^[2] (Relexicalized collective from ābra)

• ābrazȳrys [aːbra'zyːɾys]

n. 2sol. wife ( < ābra + -zȳrys.)

• adere [a'deɾe]

adj. II slippery; sleek, smooth; fast, quick

• aderī [a'deɾiː]

adv. soon (adere + -ī.)

Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili. — But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.

• aderves [a'derves]

n. 4sol. quickness, sleekness, smoothness ^[3]

• addemmagon [ad'demmagon]

v. C-fin. to pay, to satisfy, to make good, object is usually inanimate^[4]

Lannister va moriot zyha gēlȳnī addemmis. — A Lannister always pays his debts.

• āegenka [aːe̯'geŋka]

adj. I iron ( < āegion iron + -enka)

Āegenkor Tistālior jāhor gūrotriri emilza. — The Iron Bank will have its due.^[5]

• āegion ['aːe̯gion]

n. 3ter. iron ^[6]

• Aeliks ['ae̯liks]

prop. n. 3sol. Aelix

• āeksio ['aːe̯ksi͡o]

n. 3lun. master, lord. (cf. āeksion).

Āeksio yne ilīritas. — The Lord has smiled upon me.

• āeksion ['aːe̯ksi͡on]

n. 3ter. gold (cf. āeksio).

Āeksio ondos — Hand of gold^[7]

• Aerys ['ae̯ɾys]

prop. n. 2sol. Aerys.

• ajomemēbagon [ajome'meːbagon]

v. Insv. C-fin. to rage on

Vīlībāzma ajomemēbza, — The war rages on

• ampa ['ampa] indec.

num. ten.

• amplie ['ampli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III tenth.

• angogon^[8] ['aŋgogon]

perfect: angotan

v. V-fin. to bite.

Sparos rōbir angotas. — Who bit the fig?

• anne ['anne]

n. horse^[9]

• ānogar ['aːnogar]

n. 1aq. blood.

Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot, hen Valyrio Uēpo ānogār iksan. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen, of the blood of Old Valyria.

• ao ['ao̯]

pers.pron. you (sing.).

• aōha [a'oːha] -ys, -on, -or

poss. adj. I your (sg.)

• aōhon [a'oːhon]

poss.pron. 3ter. yours (sg.)

• aōhoso [a'oːhoso]

adv. in your way, as you wish (ins. of aōha.)

Aōhoso ziry rijībiā, se ñuhoso ziry rijībin. — You worship Him your way, and I'll worship Him mine.

• aola ['ao̯la]

refl. 1lun. yourself

• arakhi [a'ɾaxi], arakh [a'ɾax]

n. 6for. arakh, a curved sword used by the Dothraki. ( < Doth. arakh.)

• arghugon ['aɾɣugon]

v. V-fin. to hunt

• arghurys ['aɾɣuɾys]

n. 2sol. hunter ( < arghugon + -tys with rhotacism of the t)^[10]

• arlie ['aɾli͡e]

adj. III new

Jaehossi Uēpossi Arlȳssī. — By the Old Gods and the New.

• arlī ['aɾliː]

adv. back, again(?) (lit. anew, < arlie + -ī.)

Lo ziry arlī jaelāt, jemēlo syt ziry mazemagon jemo bēvilza. — If you want it back, you must take it for yourselves.

• Astapor ['astapor]

n. 3aq Astapor.

• atroksia [a'troksi͡a]

n. 1lun. owl^[11]

• ātsio ['aːtsi͡o]

n. 3lun tooth

• averilla [ave'ɾilla]

n. {{1lun|1aq}}.^[12] wine^[13] ( < avero grape + -illa.)^[14]

• avero [a'vero]

n. 3lun. grape^[15]

• azandy [a'zandy]

n. 2lun. short sword

• azantyr [a'zantyr]

n. 6col.sol. army. (Relexicalized collective from azantys)

• azantys [a'zantys]

n. 2sol. soldier, knight. (lit. swordsman, < azandy + -tys)

Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.

B

• baes [bae̯s]

n. 3sol summit.

• bāne ['baːne] -ior

adj. II warm

• bantis ['bantis]

n. 5sol. night

Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys. — For the night is dark and full of terrors^[16]

• bardugon ['baɾdugon]

v. V-fin. to write.

perfect: bardutan

• bartos ['baɾtos]

n. 3sol. head

• bē [beː]

postp.→gen. on, on top of, upon; on (the subject of), about

• belmon ['belmon]

n. 3ter. chain.

Urnet luo buzdaro tolvio belma pryjātās! — Strike the chains off every slave you see!

• belmurtys [bel'muɾtys]

n. 2sol.^[12] slave master, slaver ( < belmon)^[17]

Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna — Tell the slavers I will receive them here

• beqes ['beqes]

n. 4sol. sow, female pig

• bēuvāedagon [be:u'vae̯dagon]

v. Loc. appl. to sing about (or upon) ^[18] ( < bē- + u- + vāedagon )

• bēvilagon [beːviˈlagon]

v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to be necessary; bēvilza it is be necessary +gen for... +inf. to... ( literally to lie upon, < bē- + u- + ilagon.)

Lo ziry arlī jaelāt, jemēlo syt ziry mazemagon jemo bēvilza. — If you want it back, you must take it for yourselves.

• bianor [ˈbi͡anor] biādr-

n. 3aq. ewe, female sheep^[19]

• biare [ˈbi͡aɾe]

adj. II happy

Biarior Arlior Jēdari! — Happy New Year!

• biarves [ˈbi͡aɾves]

n. 4sol. happiness, jubilation, luck, fortune^[20] biarvī manaeragon to celebrate.

Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili. — But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.

• bībagon [ˈbiːbagon]

v. C-fin. to suck

• bēvumbagon [beːˈvumbagon]

v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to float (lit. to remain above, < bē- + u- + umbagon.)

• bisa ['bisa] -ys, -on, -or

dem.pron. adj. I this proximal, animate

Bisi vali īlvyz zentyssy issi. — These men are our guests.

• bisir ['bisir]

dem.pron. 5aq. this one proximal, animate, for abstract or uncountable entitites

• bisy ['bisy]

dem.pron. 2lun. this one proximal, animate, for concrete, countable entities

• blēnon ['bleːnon]

n. 3ter. mountain

• bode ['bode]

n. 5lun. tail

• bona ['bona] -ys, -on, -or

dem.pron. adj. I that distal, animate

• bonir ['bonir]

dem.pron. 5aq. that one distal, animate, for abstract or uncountable entities

• bony ['bony]

dem.pron. 2lun. that one distal, animate, for concrete, countable entities

• bōsa ['boːsa] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I long either temporally or spatially, tall

• botagon [bo'tagon]

v. C-fin? to suffer →inst., the thing suffered

Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.

to endure

Valar botis — All men must endure^[21]

• brāedāzma [braːe̯ˈdaːzma]

n. 1lun. bronze ( < brāedion + -āzma.)

• brāedion [ˈbraːe̯di͡on]

n. 3ter. copper

• brōzagon [ˈbroːzagon]

perfect: brōstan

v. C-fin to name ( < brōzi.)

Skoroso jemēle brōzāt? — What are your names?

• brōzi [ˈbroːzi]

n. 5lun. name ( < brōzi.)

• bughegon [buˈɣegon]

v. V-fin. to swim

• buzdari [buz'daɾi], buzdar [buz'dar]

n. 6for. slave ( < AV buzdar < Ghiscari.)

Zaldrīzes buzdari iksos daor. — A dragon is not a slave.

• byka ['byka] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I small

• byllie ['bylli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III sixth

• bȳre ['byːɾe] -ior

num. adj. II six.

• bȳrēpsa [byː'ɾeːpsa] indec.

num. sixty.

• bȳrīblie [byː'ɾiːbli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III sixtieth

D

• dāez [daːe̯z] dāerior

adj. II free.

Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti? — Will you fight for me? As free men?

• dāerves ['daːe̯ɾves]

n. 4sol. freedom. ( < dāez + -ves.)

Dāerves jevys tepagon yne sytilībos daor. — Your freedom is not mine to give.

• dakogon [da'kogon]

v. V-fin. to run^[22]

• daomio ['dao̯mi͡o]

n 3lun. rain. coll. daomior.

Kastāmiro Damior — The Rains of Castamere

• daor [dao̯r], [da'or]

adv. not, intj. no.

• daoriot ['dao̯ɾi͡ot]

indef.pron. adv. nowhere; daoriot jemas it doesn't matter, lit. it leads nowhere.

• daorun ['dao̯ɾun]

indef.pron. 6pauc.3ter nothing

Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis, iā daoruni jemot vestretis. — Your masters may have told you lies about me, or they may have told you nothing.

• daorys ['dao̯ɾys]

indef.pron. 2sol. no one

daorys ziry ōdrikilza. — no one will harm him.

• dāria ['daːɾi͡a]

n. 1lun. queen.^[23]

Mīrīno Dāria — Queen of Meereen ^[24]

• dārilaros [daːɾi'laɾos]

n. 3sol. heir to the throne, crown prince, crown princess ( < the dār- root seen in the dārys family of words, plus the substantivized future participle ending -ilaros, as if from a verb *dāragon. However, no such verb exists in the classical language, and it is uncertain if there ever was one.)

Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.

• dārion ['daːɾi͡on]

n. 3ter. kingdom.

Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero. — the Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros.

• dārōñe [daː'ɾoːɲe]

adj. II royal^[25] ( < dārys + -ōñe.)

• dārys ['daːɾys]

n. 2sol. king.

Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon. — Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light

• davābagon [da'vaːbagon]

v. C-fin. to rain. ^[26] (an -ābagon formation off a root *dav-, perh. primordially related to daomio, rain.)

• dēmagon ['deːmagon]

v. V-fin. to sit

• dēmalion ['deːmali͡on]

n. 3ter. throne ( < dēma- + -lion.)

Tymptir Dēmalȳti — A Game of Thrones^[27]

• deks [deks]

n. 3sol. foot

• dekuragon [deku'ɾagon]

v. to step.^[28] ( < deks + an unknown element -uragon, which is not "a common derivational suffix."^[29])

• dekurūbagon [deku'ɾuːbagon]

v. C-fin. to walk. ( < dekur- + -ēbagon.)

• derēbagon [de'ɾeːbagon]

perfect: derēptan

v. C-fin. to gather. ( < *der- + -ēbagon. There is probably a verb *deragon which means something like to take. Cf. AV mazedhas derari he was taken.)

Vala Aero syt rōbra derēbza. — The man collects figs for Aerys.

• dohaeragon [do'hae̯ɾagon]

perfect: dohaertan

v. C-fin. to serve. Valar dohaeris All men must serve, the response to valar morghūlis

Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeragon. — May it serve you well.^[30]

Dohaeriakson raqan. — I like to be served.^[31]

• dohaeriros [do'hae̯ɾiɾos]

n. 3sol. slave (substantivized aorist participle of dohaeragon)

• dohaertros [do'hae̯ɾtros]

n. 3sol. one who was previously a slave (Past habitual active participle of dohaeragon.)

Astaprot dohaertrossa sīr yno inkot iōrzi, dāeri. — Those who were slaves in Astapor now stand behind me, free.

• dīnagon ['diːnagon]

v. to put ^[32] something that naturally goes on, about or in something else in that thing (e.g. a cap on a bottle, a sword in a scabbard, a helmet on a head, but not a sword on a table) (cf. nādīnagon.)

in pass., →com. to marry^[4]

Ao ynoma dīnilūks? — Will you marry me?

• dōna ['doːna]

adj. I. sweet^[33]

• dōre ['doːɾe] -ior

adj. II no

Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis. — There’s no country without a language.

• dōrī ['doːɾī]

indef.pron.. adv. never

Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...

• dorolvie [do'ɾolvi͡e] -ior

adj. III not much, few ( < dor- + olvie)

• dōron ['doːɾon]

n. 3ter. stone

• dōros ['doːɾos]

n. 3sol. wall ( < dōron.)

• dorzalty [doɾ'zalty]

n. 2lun. The Unburnt (Substantivized form of *dorzalta unburnt < do- + zalta.)

Daenerys Targarien, Jelmāzmo, Dorzalty, Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero, Muña Zaldrīzoti. — Daenerys Targaryen, the Stormborn, the Unburnt, the Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros, the Mother of Dragons.

• dovaogēdy [dovao̯'geːdy]

n. 2lun. an Unsullied. Col. Dovaogēdyr the Unsullied as a group. (Substantivized form of *dovaogēda unsullied < do- + *vaogēda, perf.part. of a verb such as *vaogemagon, meaning to sully. Cf. vaogenka.)

Dovaogēdys! Naejot memēbātās! — Unsullied! Forward march!

• drakarys [dra'kaɾys]

n. 2sol. dragon-fire.

• drāñe ['draːɲe]

adj. II wide

• drōmon ['droːmon]

n. 3ter. egg

• dubys ['dubys]

n. 2sol. sibling

• drēje ['dreːje]

adj. II true, correct.

Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa. — They say he is a king and of my heart that is true.

• drējī ['dreːjī]

adv. truly

Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...

• dȳñes ['dyːɲes]

4sol. animal

Dȳñer raqiror issa. — All animals are friends.^[34]

E

• ēbrion ['eːbri͡on]

n. 3ter. night sky^[25]

• ēdrugon ['eːdrugon]

perfect: ēdrutan

v. V-fin. "to sleep." Perf.Pert. ēdruta "having slept."

Valar Ēdrussis — All Men Must Sleep

• eglie ['egli͡e] -ior

adj. III high

Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas. — The High Priest gave you a mission.

• egros ['egros]

n. 3sol. edge; blade; sword (cf. egry.)

• egry ['egry]

n. 2lun. knife (cf. egros.)

Vala egromy rōbir ezīmza. — The man splits the fig with a knife.

• eleks ['eleks]

n. 3sol. ear

• elēnar [e'leːnar]

n. 1aq? tide^[35] (cf. elēni.)

• elēni [e'leːni]

n. 5lun. music^[36] (cf. elēnar.)

• ēlie ['eːli͡e] -ior

adj. III first; primary

• ēlī ['eːliː]

adv. first

Sparos ēlī morghūlilza? — Who will die first?^[37]

• emagon [e'magon]

perfect: ēdan

v. irreg. to have. 3s. pres. act. ind. ēza, 3pl. ēzi, imperfect emilen, emiles, etc.)

• embar ['embar]

n. 1aq. sea. Col. embrar "the sea(s)", in a more figurative sense^[38]

Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa. — So much news I have to give you from over the seas.

• embāzma [em'baːzma]

n. 1lun. great sea perh. in some sort of metaphorical sense? Parmenko Embāzmā The Great Grass Sea of the Dothraki ( < embar + -āzma.)

Hen Parmenko Embāzmā Khalēsi — Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea

• embōñe [em'boːƞe] -or

adj. II aquatic ( < embar + -ōñe.); embōñe kēli sea otter.^[39]

• endia ['endi͡a]

n. 1lun. west (cf. endie, western)^[40]

Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus. — When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.^[41]

• endie ['endi͡e] -ior

adj. III western (adj. formation off of endia.)

• ēngos ['eːŋgos]

n. 3sol. tongue; language. Muño ēngos "mother tongue." Quptenkys Ēngos The Common Tongue.

Valyrio muño ēngos ñuhys issa. — Valyrian is my mother tongue.

Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis? — Do you speak the Common tongue?

• enkagon ['eŋkagon]

v. C-fin. to owe +inst: the thing owed; +acc: the person to whom it is owed.

Dāervose jevosy yne enkot daor. — You do not owe me your freedom.

• epagon [e'pagon]

perfect: eptan

v. C-fin. to ask.

Skoros ynot epilu? — What would you ask of me?

Obl. appl. iepagon (less correctly jepagon) "to ask for" something→acc., of someone→dat.

Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis. — I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.

• epses ['epses]

4sol. female goat, nanny goat

• ērinagon [eːri'nagon]

v. C-fin. to win^[4]

Skorī dēmalȳti tymptir tymis, ērinis iā morghūlis. — When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die.

• ērinnon ['eːrinnon]

n. 3ter. victory^[42] ( < ērinagon + -non.)

• ezīmagon [e'ziːmagon]

v. C-fin. to split. with va +dat into...

Vala egromy rōbir ezīmza. — The man splits the fig with a knife.

Insv. hezīmagon.

G

• gadbagi ['gadbagi], gadbag ['gadbag]

n. 6for.lun. slave name ( < AV gadbag < Ghiscari.)

Gadbag aōhe qrīdrughās. — Throw away your slave name.

• gallie ['galli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III hundredth.

• gaomagon ['gao̯magon]

perfect: gōntan

v. C-fin. to do; →dat. & inf. allow.

Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. — You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.

• gaomilaksir [gao̯mi'laksir]

n. 5aq mission (substantivized fut.pass.part. of gaomagon, lit. that which is to be done.)

Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas. — The High Priest gave you a mission.

• gaomon ['gao̯mon]

n. 3ter deed

Se dāeri vali pōntalo syt gaomoti iderēbzi. — And free men make their own choices.

• gār [gaːr] indec.

num. hundred.

• gēlenka [geː'leŋko] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I silver-colored; silver-like,^[43] ( < gēlion + -enka.)

• gēlion ['geːli͡on]

n. 3ter. silver.

• gelte ['gelte]

n. 4lun^[12] helmet.

Geltī aōhe nādīnās. — Remove your helmet.

• gēlȳn ['geːlyːn]

n. 6pauc.3ter. debt^[4] (relex. pauc. of gēlion silver.)

Lannister va moriot zyha gēlȳnī addemmis. — A Lannister always pays his debts.

• genes ['genes]

n. 4sol. mouse, rat

• geptot ['geptot]

adv. left

• geralbar [ge'ɾalbar]

n. 1aq road ( < geron (etc.) + -albar.)

• geron ['geɾon]

n. 3ter. walk.

Qilōnario Geron. — Walk of Punishment.

• geros ilas ['geɾos 'ilas]

exp. good bye.^[44]

• gerpa ['geɾpa]

n. 1lun. fruit; more generally the edible part of a plant.

• gevie ['gevi͡e]

adj. III. beautiful^[45]

• gevives [ge'vives]

n. 4sol. beauty^[46] ( < gevie + -ves.)

• giēñagon ['gi͡eːɲagon]

v. C-fin' to heal (intransitive), to be healed (perh. somehow related to giez?)

Insv. zgiēñagon to heal of wounds etc. as opposed to people.

Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...

• giēñilaros [gi͡eːɲi'laɾos]

n. 3sol. One Who is Not Yet Healed, a term used in Astapor for Unsullied in training (substantivized future participle of giēñagon. AV ginilaro.)

• giez [gi͡ez] gier-

adj. II whole

• gīmigon ['giːmigon]

v. V-fin to know

Kesir gīmī. — You know this

Daoruni gīmī, Ionos Sōnaro. — You know nothing, Jon Snow.

• glaesagon ['glae̯sagon]

v. C-fin. to live

• glaeson ['glae̯son]

n. 3ter. life. Col. glaesor life (slightly more abstract)^[2]

Keso glaesot iderēptot daor. — You did not choose this life.

• gō [goː]

postp.→gen. under, beneath, below; before

adv. under, beneath, below; before

Skoriot daorys gō istas nēdenkirī jagon. — To boldly go where no one has gone before.^[47]

• gōvilagon [goːvi'lagon]

v. Loc. appl. C-fin. to lie below →acc. ( < gō- + u- + ilagon.)

...rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie. — ... with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.

• grēges ['greːges]

n. 4sol. louse.

• grevenka [greˈveŋka] -ys -on -or

adj. I round ( < grevy + -enka.)

• grevy [ˈgrevy]

n. 2lun. wheel^[48]

• gryves ['gryves]

n. 4sol. bear.

Gryves se Riña Litse. — The Bear and the Maiden Fair.

• guēse ['gu͡eːse]

n. 4lun. tree

• guēsin ['gu͡eːsin]

n. 6pauc.4lun. forest (pauc. of guēse.)

• gūrēñagon [guː'ɾeːɲagon]

perfect: gūrēntan

v. C-fin. to learn (perh. related to gūrogon.)

• gūrogon ['guːɾogon]

v. V-fin. (at least in the future tense) to take^[4]; in the reflexive to earn, merit, deserve

Ñuhor līr gūrēnna. — I will take what is mine.^[4]

• gūrotrir ['guːɾotrir]

n. 6col.5aq. that which one has earned, that which one deserves, one's due, just deserts (col. subst. perf. part. of gūrogon.)

Se jevo qrinuntoti pōjor gūrotriri maghan. — And I bring your enemies what they deserve.

Āegenkor Tistālior jāhor gūrotriri emilza. — The Iron Bank will have its due.^[5]

H

• hae [hae̯]

prep.→loc. as, like.

Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti? — Will you fight for me? As free men?

• hāedar ['haːe̯dar]

n. 1aq. younger sister.

Valar limassis, hāedus. Valar limassis. — All men must cry, little sister. All men must cry.

• hakogon ['hakogon]

v. V-fin. to pull

• hāre ['haːɾe] -ior

num. adj. II three

• hārēpsa ['haːɾeːpsa] indec.

num. thirty

• hārīblie [haː'ɾiːbli͡e]

num. adj. III thirtieth

• havon ['havon]

n. 3ter bread.^[49]

Havon sīr ipradakson kostas. — The bread can now be eaten.^[31]

• havor [ˈhavoɾ]

n. 6col.ter food (relex. col. of havon bread.)

• hēdrȳ ['heːdryː]

postp.→gen. from amongst (prob. hen + rȳ, with nasal deletion.)

Jenti jevi jemēle iderēbilātās, qogrondo jevo hēdrȳ. — You will select a leader, from amongst your own ranks.

• hegagon [he'gagon]

v. C-fin. to slaughter.

• hembar ['hembar]

adv. next ( < pār, presumably with hen).

Hembar Yunkaihot istan. — Next I went to Yunkai.

• hen [hen]

prep.→loc. from, of; →dat. out of.

Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot, hen Valyrio Uēpo ānogār iksan. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen, of the blood of Old Valyria.

• hēnka ['heːŋka]

adj. I same

Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.

• hēnkirī ['heːŋkiɾiː]

adv. together ( < hēnka + -ī.)

Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili. — But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.

• henujagon [henu'jagon]

perfect: hembistan

v. Loc. appl. irreg. to exit, to leave. ( < hen- + u- + jagon.)

Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.

• hepnon ['hepnon]

n. 3ter. climb. (< unattested *hep- to climb + -non.)

Hepnon. — The Climb.

• hepvos ['hepvos]

n. 3sol. ladder.^[50] (< unattested *hep- to climb + *-vos, presumably some sort of instrument-forming suffix.)

Qrīdronnor hepvos issa. — Chaos is a ladder.

• hezīmagon [he'ziːmagon]

v. Insv. C-fin. to split, used with instrumental subjects ( < a- + ezīmagon.)

(Valo ondoso) rōbir egry hezīmza. — The knife (of the man) splits the fig.

(Egromy) rōbir hezīmaks. — The fig is split (with a knife).

• hēzīr ['heːziːr]

adv. henceforth, from now on ( < hen + sīr with nasal deletion.)

Hēzīr, brōza jevi jemēle iderēbilātās. — From this day forward, you will choose your own names.

• hīghagon [ˈhiːɣagon]

v. to scream^[51]

... se avy ōdrikosy lī hīghari morghūlilzi. — ... and those who would harm you will die screaming.

• hīlagon [ˈhiːlagon]

v. C-fin. to hit

• hontes ['hontes]

n. 4sol. bird.

• hobres ['hobres]

n. 4sol. male goat, billy goat.

kastys hobresse — “blue goats”.

• hoskagon ['hoskagon]

v. to make proud

... iderēbās. Avy hoskas lue brōzi. — Choose... A name that gives you pride.

• hōzigon ['hoːzigon]

v. V-fin. to swell

• hubon ['hubon]

3ter. rope

• hūra ['huːɾa]

1lun. moon

• hūrenka [huː'ɾeŋka] -ys -on -or

adj. I lunar ( < hūra + -enka.)

hūrenkon qogror. — “solar class”.^[52]

I

• iā ['i͡aː]

conj. or

• iāragon ['i͡aːɾagon]

v. C-fin. to flow

• īby ['iːby]

2lun. bone

• idaña [i'daɲa]

n. 1lun. twin (cf. idañe.)

• idañe [i'daɲe] -or

adj. II fellow (cf. idaña.)

Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. — You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.

• iderēbagon [ide'ɾeːbagon]

perfect: iderēptan

v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to chose, select. +dat: the thing selected, +acc: the person for whom the thing is selected (this applies even in the passive) ( < i- + derēbagon.)

Vala rōbrȳti Aeri iderēbza. — The man selects figs for Aerys.

Aeri iderēbaks. — Aerys is selected for.

Jaehot avy iderēbās jorepās. — Pick a god and pray.^[53]

• iderennon [ide'ɾennon]

n. 3ter choice ( < iderēb- + -non.)

Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.

• *iderenne, -s, -n ?

n. 4? trial^[4]

Vīlībāzmosa iderennī emilun. — I would like a trial by combat.

• iēdar ['i͡eːdar]

n. 1aq. water

col. iēdrar

poetic for sea

• iemny ['i͡emny]

'n. 2lun. stomach

Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys. — For the night is dark and full of terrors^[16]

• iemnȳ ['i͡emnyː]

postp.→gen. within more emphatic than using the bare locative. (loc. of iemny stomach.)

Jēdar yno toliot. Tegon yno gō. Perzys yno iemnȳ. — ^[54]

• ilagon [i'lagon]

v. C-fin to lie. original meaning to lay straight preserved in expression geros ilas good bye, literally something like may the path lie straight. (cf. ilie straight.)

• ilie [ˈili͡e]

adj. III straight (cf. ilagon to lie (straight)).

• ilīrigon [i'liːɾigon]

v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to smile upon →acc.

perfect: ilīritan

Āeksio yne ilīritas. — The Lord has smiled upon me.

• īlon ['iːlon]

pers.pron. we.

• īlōnda [iː'loːnda]

refl. 1lun. ourselves

• īlva ['iːlva] -ys, -on, -or

poss. adj. I our

• īlvon ['iːlvon]

poss.pron. 3ter. ours

• ilzigon ['ilzigon]

perfect: ilzitan

v. V-fin. to throw

• indigon ['indigon]

v. V-fin. to push

• inkon ['iŋkon]

n. 3ter. back

• inkot ['iŋkot] behind (the locative or dative case of inkon.)

Astaprot dohaertrossa sīr yno inkot iōrzi, dāeri — Those who were slaves in Astapor now stand behind me, free.

• iōragon ['i͡oːɾagon]

v. C-fin. to be standing, to stand.

perfect: iōrtan

• iōrves ['i͡oːɾves]

n. 4sol. cold, coldness^[55] ( < iosre + -ves.)

Se iōrves yne dōrī jenitis. — The cold never bothered me.

• iosre ['i͡osre] -ior

adj. II cold

• ipradagon [ipra'dagon]

perfect: iprattan^[56]

v. C-fin.^[57] to eat

Valar Ipradis... Valar Ipradiks — All Men Must Eat... All Men Must Be Eaten.^[58]

• issaros ['issaɾos]

n. 3sol person (prob. subst. pres.part. of sagon, lit. being.)

• ivestragon [i'vestragon]

perfect: ivestretan

v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to tell, to say to ( < i- + vestragon.)

• izula [i'zula] -ys, -on, -on

num. adj. I four

• izulēpsa [i'zuleːpsa] indec.

num. forty

• izulīblie [izu'liːbi͡e] -ior

num. adj. III fortieth

• izunnie [i'zunni͡e] -ior

num. adj. III fourth

J

• jaedos ['jae̯dos]

n. 3sol. summer^[59]

• jaelagon ['jae̯lagon]

v. C-fin. to want, to wish

perfect: jeldan

Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.

• jaes [jae̯s] jaeh-

n. 3sol god, goddess^[60]

Jaehossi Uēpossi Arlȳssī. — By the Old Gods and the New.

• jagon ['jagon]

perfect: istan

v. irreg. to go.

Sesīr īlot jagon! — Now let us go!^[61]

• jāha ['jaːha] -ys, -on, -or

poss. adj. I its, his, her

• jāhon ['jaːhon]

poss.pron. 3ter. its, his, hers

• jāla ['jaːla]

refl. 1lun. itself, himself, herself

• jaos [jao̯s] jaoh-

n. 3sol. dog

• jēda ['jeːdar]

n. 1lun. season, time.

• jēdar ['jeːdar]

n. 1aq. sky (cf. jēda time and jēdar year. Possibly originally a collective, like lentor.)

col. jēdrar sky

• jēdar ['jeːdar]

n. 6col.1aq. year (col. of jēda time.)

Biarior Arlior Jēdari! — Happy New Year!

• jehikagon [jehiˈkagon]

perfect: jehittan

v. C-fin. to shine. With acc. to shine on, illuminate.

Āeksios, aōhos ōñoso īlōn jehikās. — Lord, cast your light upon us^[16]

• jēlēbagon [jeːˈleːbagon]

v. C-fin. to blow (from a root *jēl-, seen in jelmion etc., + -ēbagon.)

• jelmāzma [jelˈmaːzma]

n. 1lun. storm. Gen. Jelmāzmo Stormborn. ( < jelmio + -āzma.)

Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.

• jelmio ['jelmi͡o]

n. 3lun. wind. Coll. jelmior ['jelmi͡or] wind collectively,^[62] weather.^[59] (cf. jēlēbagon)

Udra jelmior issi. — Words are wind.

• jemagon [jeˈmagon]

perfect: jentan

v. to lead someone →acc., from something →acc(?), to something →dat?loc?; daoriot jemas it doesn't matter, lit. it leads nowhere. (possibly in origin i- + emagon, but this is uncertain, and in any case the verb conjugates regularly)

Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon. — Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.

• jemēla [je'meːla]

refl. 1lun. ourselves

• jeme ['jeme]

pers.pron. you (plur.).

• jepagon see epagon.
• jenigon [je'nigon]

v. V-fin. to bother^[55]

Se iōrves yne dōrī jenitis. — The cold never bothered me.

• jention ['jenti͡on]

n. 3ter. leadership. ( < jemagon.)

Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.

• jentys ['jentys]

n. 2sol. leader. ( < jemagon.)

Jentys Dovaogēdyro syt iksā. — You are the leader of the Unsullied.

• jēnqa ['jeːnqa] -ys, -on, -on

num. adj. I eight

• jēnqelie ['jeːnqeli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III eighth

• jēnqēpsa [jeːn'qeːpsa] indec.

num. eighty

• jēnqīblie [jeːn'qiːbli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III eightieth

• jeson ['jeson]

n. 3ter. dust

• jeva ['jeva] -ys, -on, -or

poss. adj. I your (pl.)

• jevon ['jevon]

poss.pron. 3ter. yours (pl.)

• jikagon [ji'kagon]

perfect: jittan

v. to send

Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. — Send a man to the city gates.

• jiōragon ['ji͡oːɾagon]

v. Obl. appl. C-fin(?) to receive (at least in the sense of receiving a guest) ( < i- + iōragon to stand)^[63]

Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna. — Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.

• johegagon [johe'gagon]

v. C-fin. to continue to slaughter ( < jo- + *hegagon to slaughter.)

Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū. — The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk

• jollōragon [jol'loːragon]

v. C-fin. to study +dat.?^[64] ( < jor- + lōragon to drill, to bore).^[64]

Issarori jollōris lua riña. — A girl who studies people.^[65]

• jomōzugon [jo'moːzugon]

v. V-fin. to continue to get drunk ( < jo- + mōzugon to drink.)

Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū. — The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk

• jorepagon [jore'pagon]

v. C-fin. to pray (< jor- + epagon.)

Jaehot avy iderēbās jorepās. — Pick a god and pray.^[53]

• jorrāelagon [jor'raːe̯lagon]

v. C-fin. to hold dear, to love; to need ^[66]( < jo- + rāelagon.)

Muñus jorrāeliarzus: Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa. — Dearest Mother: So much news I have to give you from over the seas.

• jurnegon ['juɾnegon]

perfect: jūndan

v. Obl. appl. V-fin. to look at, regard^[67] ( < i- + urnegon.)

K

• kasta ['kasta] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I blue, green

• kēli ['keːli]

n. 5lun. cat; qelbōñe kēli river otter; embōñe kēli sea otter.

Kēlir morghūlis — All cats must die.^[68]

• kēlio ['keːli͡o]

n. 3lun. lion^[22] ( < kēli + -io.)

• keligon [ke'ligon]

perfect: kelitan

v. V-fin. to stop, to come to a stop. Generally used intransitively, except in the perfect passive participle: keliton ended.

Dovaogēdys .... Kelītīs. — Unsullied .... Halt.

Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa. — And Now His Watch Is Ended.

• kempa ['kempa] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I heavy

• kepa ['kepa]

n. 1lun. father

• kesa ['kesa] -ys, -on, -or

dem.pron. adj. I this proximal, inanimate

Kesys ondor avy sytilībus daor. — You should not have these powers.

• kesir ['kesir]

dem.pron. 5aq. this one proximal, inanimate, for abstract or uncountable entitites, "this place."

Kesir gīmī. — You know this

kesrio syt because, for; on account of this.

• kesīr ['kesiːr]

dem.pron. adv. here (loc. of kesir.)

Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna. — Tell the slavers I will receive them here.

• kesy ['kesy]

dem.pron. 2lun. this one proximal, inanimate, for concrete, countable entities

• keskydoso [kesky'doso]

adv. in the same way, likewise. ( < demonstrative kes- + -kydoso.)

Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. — You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.

• kessa ['kessa]

intj. yes^[4] (3s fut.act.ind. of sagon.^[69])

• khal [xal],^[70] khali ['xali]

n. 6for Khal, title used for the leader of a Dothraki horde ( < Doth. khal.)

• khalēsi [xaˈleːsi]^[71]

n. 6for Khaleesi, Dothraki queen, wife of a khal ( < Doth. khaleesi.)

Hen Parmenko Embāzmā Khalēsi — Khaleesi of the Great Grass Sea

• kiōs [ki͡oːs]

n. 3sol.^[12] spring^[59]

• kipagon [kipagon]^[72]

v. to ride

• kivio [ˈkivi͡o]

n. 3lun. promise

Jemot kivio ñuhe tepan — I give you my word.

• klios [kli͡os] klioh-

n. 3sol fish

• kona ['kona] -ys, -on, -or

dem.pron. adj. I that distal, inanimate

• konir ['konir]

dem.pron. 5aq. that one distal, inanimate, for abstract or uncountable entities, that place.

Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa. — They say he is a king and of my heart that is true.

Konir sagon kostos daor. — That's not possible.

• konīr ['koniːr]

dem.pron. adv. there (loc. of konir.)

• kony ['kony]

dem.pron. 2lun. that one distal, inanimate, for concrete, countable entities

• korze ['koɾze]

n. 4lun. longsword (cf. korzion)

Korzoti Jelmāzma — A Storm of Swords^[73]

• korzion ['korzi͡on]

n. 3ter. steel, especially, but not exclusively Valyrian steel (cf. korze.)

• kostagon ['kostagon]

v. to be able, can, may.

Konir sagon kostos daor — That's not possible.

Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.

• kostilus ['kostilus]

adv. perhaps; exp. please. (3s. fut.act.subj. of kostagon, lit. be it possible.)

Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis. — Your masters may have told you lies about me.

• kostōba [ko'stoːba]

adj. I powerful, strong ( < kostagon)

Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi. — You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.

Kostōba Nēdenkā. — Strong and Brave.^[74]

• kirimves [ki'ɾimves]

n. 4sol. joy^[75] ( < kirine + -ves.)

Naenio jēdoti kirimvose glaesātās! — May you live happily for many years!

• kirimvose [ki'ɾimvose], kirimvos [ki'ɾimvos]

exp. thank you. (Inst. of kirimves.)

• kirine [ki'ɾine] -ior

adj. II happy

Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan. — You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.

• kris [kris] krih-

n. 3sol. leg

• kustikagon [kusti'kagon]

perfect: kustittan

to strengthen, enable, encourage (prob. related to kostagon.)

Ābre kustittas lua vala raqiros issa. — The man who encouraged the woman is a friend.

• kydȳbagon [ky'dyːbagon]

perfect: kydȳptan

v. C-fin(?) to measure (prob. contains -bagon.)

Kydȳptakson sȳz kesos. — It would be good to have been measured.^[31]

• kyndrir ['kyndrir]

n. 6col. intestines

• kȳvanon ['kyːvanon]

n. 3ter. plan, strategy^[46] (-non formation off of unknown root.)

L

• laes [lae̯s] laeh-

n. 3sol. eye.

• lanta ['lanta] -ys, -on, -on

num. adj. I two

...kesrio syt lanta iksan. — ...for now I am two.

• laodigon ['lao̯digon]

v. V-fin. to steal^[73]

• leghagon [le'ɣagon]

perfect: lēdan

v. C-fin. to fill. →acc. the thing being filled, →gen. the substance with which it is filled, →inst. the instrument by which it is filled.

• lēda ['leːda] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I filled, full →gen. with..., of... (perf. part. of leghagon.)

• lēkia ['leːki͡a]

n. 1lun. older brother.^[76]

• lenton ['lenton]

n. 3ter. house as in a physical building in which one lives.

• lentor ['lentor]

n. 3aq. house in the sense of family, noble line, dynasty. (originally a relexified collective of lenton, which was then reanalyzed into a 3aq. noun.)

Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.

• lentor ['lentor]

n. 6col.3ter. village (col. of lenton.)

• lentun ['lentun]

n. 6pauc.ter. community (relexified paucal of lenton.)

• letagon [le'tagon]

v. C-fin. to tie, to bind^[32]

• lilagon [li'lagon]

v. C-fin. to dance

Valar lilis. — All men must dance.^[77]

• limagon [li'magon]

v. V-fin. to cry

Valar limassis, hāedus. Valar limassis. — All men must cry, little sister. All men must cry.^[78]

• lioragon [li͡o'ɾagon]

v. C-fin. to sell

• liorilaksa [li͡oɾi'laksa] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I for sale (fut.pass.part. of lioragon.)

• līr [liːr]

rel.pron.. that which (is) for abstract or uncountable entitites (subst. of lua.)

Valo lurio vaoresan. — I prefer that which is a man‘s.

• litse ['litse]

adj. II fair, beautiful.

Gryves se Riña Litse. — The Bear and the Maiden Fair.

• lo [lo]

conj. if.

Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.

• lodaor [lodao̯r]

conj. otherwise.

Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.

• lōgor ['loːgor]

n. 6col. ship (cf. loktys.)

• loktys ['loktys]

n. 2sol. sailor. (cf. lōgor.)

• lopor ['lopor]

n. 3aq.3? salt

• lōragon ['loːragon]

v. C-fin. to drill, to bore Takes a dative object.^[64]

• *lōtinty [lo:'tinty]

n. 2lun? pie^[4]

• lōz [loːz]

adj. II wet

• lua [lu͡a]

rel.pron. adj..^[79] who, which, that; agrees with head noun's gender, case & number(?) in main clause.

• lȳ [lyː]

rel.pron.. one which (is) for concrete, countable entities (subst. of lua.)

Valo luo vaoresan. — I prefer one which is a man‘s.

• lykemagon [lyke'magon]

perfect: lykēdan

v. C-fin? to silence (possibly from an unattested adjective *lyka perh. silent?)

Aōle lykemās. — Be quiet.

• Lys [lys] lyh-

n. 3sol. Lys

M

• maghagon [ma'ɣagon]

v. C-fin. to bring

Udrāzmī jemot maghon daor. Iderennon maghan. — I do not bring you commands. I bring you a choice.

• manaeragon [ma'nae̯ɾagon]

v. C-fin to raise, →acc: to celebrate^[80], biarvī manaeragon to celebrate (good fortune)^[80].

Yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili. — But soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.

• mandia ['mandia]

n. 1lun older sister. ^[81]

• massa ['massa]

n. 1lun bat. ^[82]

• massigon ['massigon]

v. V-fin. to happen^[83]

"Skorion massitas?" "Qringōntan." — "What happened?" "I failed."

• mazemagon [maze'magon]

v. to take. ( lit. come to have, < maz- + emagon)

• mazilībagon [mazi'lībagon]

v. C-fin. to set (of the sun)^[84] (lit. something like come to lie (< maz- + ilībagon, also seen in sytilībagon to belong, < ilagon to lie (down) + -ībagon.)

Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus. — When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.^[41]

• māzigon ['maːzigon]

v. V-fin. to come.

perfect: māstan

• mazōregon [maz'oːɾegon]

v. V-fin. to accept ( lit. come to hold < maz- + ōregon.)^[63]

Belmurtī ivestrās kesĪr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna. — Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.

• mazverdagon [maz'veɾdagon]

perfect: mazvēttan

v. C-fin. to create (lit. come to arrange, < maz- + verdagon.)

Valar mazvēttas luos belmossi zirȳle tolvȳs gaomoso iderennosō letis — All men bind themselves with chains that they have created, through every deed and decision.^[85]

Īlōn pryjassis līr īlōn mazverdis. — What destroys us, creates us.^[86]

• mele ['mele]-ior

adj. II red

• memēbagon [me'meːbagon]

v. C-fin. to advance.

Dovaogēdys! Naejot memēbātās! — Unsullied! Forward march!

• mentyn ['mentyn]

n. 6pauc.sol battalion (relexicalized paucal of mentys.)

• mentys ['mentys]

n. 2sol soldier,

Dovaogēdys! Āeksia ossēnātās, menti ossēnātās! — Unsullied! Slay the masters, slay the soldiers!

col. mentyr

Mentyri idañe jevi ivestrilātās keskydoso gaomagon. — You shall tell your fellow soldiers to do likewise.

• mentyr ['mentyr]

n. 6col.sol. army

• Merakses^[87] [me'ɾakses]

n. 4sol. Meraxes, one of the dragons used in Aegon's invasion of Westeros.

• mēre ['meːɾe] -ior

num. adj. II one

• mērī ['meːɾiː]

adv. only, alone

Dāerves jevys tepagon yne sytilībos daor. Jemēle mērī sytilības. — Your freedom is not mine to give. It belongs to you and you alone.

• mhysa ['mysa]

n. 1lun., or n. 6for.^[88] the Ghiscari word for mother, widely used in Slaver's Bay. One of Daenerys Targarien's titles. ( < AV mysa < Ghiscari mhysa.)

• mība ['miːba] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I short

Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi. — Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.

• mijegon [mi'jegon]

v. V-fin. to lack. →inst.

Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis. — There’s no country without a language.

• mirre ['mirre] -ior

adj. II any This word has many uses, corresponding almost exactly to those of the English equivalent any; some.

In the sense of all:

Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.

in the sense of whatever:

Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās. — Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.

as opposed to none:

Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.

with a negative:

Jomōzussis lua vala mirros ēngoso ȳdrassigon kostilos daor. — A man who keeps getting drunk will not be able to speak any language^[89]

In the sense of some:

Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...

• mīsagon ['miːsagon]

v. to defend, to protect. →acc. of the thing protected ^[90]

• mīsio ['miːsio]

n. 3lun. protector ^[91]

Riñītsoti mīsio. — Protector of little girls.

• mittys ['mittys]

n. 2sol. fool

Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi. — You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.

• molry ['molry]

n. 2lun. horn

• morghe ['moɾɣe]

adj. II dead

• morghon ['moɾɣon]

n. 3ter. death

Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.

• morghūlilare [moɾɣuːli'lare] -ior

adj. II mortal^[92] (future participle of morghūljagon.)

• morghūljagon [moɾ'ghuːʎagon]

perfect: morghūltan

v. C-fin. to die. Valar morghūlis All men must die, a common greeting.

• mōris ['moːɾis]

n. 5sol. end, conclusion; loc. or adv. mōrī at the end, finally; va moriot always^[4] lit. to the end.

• mōzugon ['moːzugon]

v. V-fin. to drink

• muña ['muɲa]

n. 1lun. mother. Muño ēngos mother tongue.

Muña Zaldrīzoti. — the Mother of Dragons.

Coll. muñar "parents."

Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās. — Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.

• Mȳr [myːr]

prop. n. 3aq. Myr

N

• nābēmagon [naː'beːmagon]

v. to unfasten, to unleash; to fire a siege engine ( < nā- + *bēmagon, presumably meaning to fasten, restrain.)'

• nādīnagon [naː'diːnagon]

v. to remove ( < nā- + dīnagon)

Geltī aōhe nādīnās. — Remove your helmet.

• naejon ['nae̯jon]

n. 3ter. front

• naejot ['nae̯jot]

postp.→gen. in front of; adv. forward. (the locative or dative case of naejon.)

Dovaogēdys! Naejot memēbātās! — Unsullied! Forward march!

• naejos ['nae̯jos]

n. 3sol. breast (cf. naejon.)

• naena ['nae̯na] -ys, -on, -on

num. adj. I countless (cf. naenie).

• naenie ['nae̯ni͡e] -ior

adj. III many (cf. naena).

• nākostōbāves [na:kosto:'ba:ves]

n. 4sol. weakness^[93] (< nā- + kostōba + -ves.)

Raqnon nākostōbāves issa. — Love is weakness.

• nāmorghūlilare [naːmoɾɣuːli'lare] -ior

adj. II immortal^[92] ( < nā- + morghūljagon.)

• nāmorghūlilaros [naːmoɾɣuːli'laros]

n. 3sol. immortal^[92] (nominalized form of nāmorghūlilare.)

• ñāqa ['ɲa:qa]

adj. I eastern. ^{[94] [95]}

Lo vēzos endiā sīmonus se ñāqot mazilībus. — When the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.^[41]

• nāvar ['naːvar]

n. 1aq. lake

• nēdenka [neː'denka]

adj. I brave ( < nēdys + -enka.)

Kostōba Nēdenkā. — Strong and Brave.^[74]

• nēdenkirī [neː'denkiɾiː]

adv. bravely ( < nēdenka + -ī.)

• nēdys ['neːdys]

n. 2sol brave person (substantivized form of *nēda brave.)

Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.

• nehugon [ne'hugon]

v. V-fin. to leak → inst. of the substance leaked, e.g. ānogrosa nehugon to bleed

Insv. anehugon to leak with impersonal subjects.

Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi. — Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.

• nekēpty [ne'keːpty]

n. 2lun. idol (likely a substantivied perfect participle from unattested *nekēbagon, possibly meaning to carve, compare nektogon to cut, and the English expression graven image.)

Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon. — Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.

• nektogon ['nektogon]

v. V-fin. to cut.

• ñellyr ['ɲellyr]

n. 6col. skin

• ñepegon ['ɲepegon]

v. V-fin. to sew

• ñōghe ['ɲoːɣe]

n. 4lun arm

Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks. — I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.

• ñombes ['ɲombes]

n. 4sol^[12] elephant^[96]

• ñuha ['ɲuha] -ys, -on, -or

poss. adj. I my

• ñuhon ['ɲuhon]

poss.pron. 3ter. 3ter. mine

• ñuhoso [ɲu'hoso]

adv. in my way, as I wish (ins. of ñuha.)

Aōhoso ziry rijībiā, se ñuhoso ziry rijībin. — You worship Him your way, and I'll worship Him mine.

• nūmāzma [nuː'maːzma]

n. 1lun. meaning, essence, the truth of it (probably nūmo + -āzma.)

Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.

Aōle rūda, nūmāzma issa. — You quit, you mean.

• nūmio ['nuːmi͡o]

n. 3lun. pearl^[97] (cf. nūmo)

• nūmo ['nuːmo]

n. 3lun. seed (cf. nūmio)

• ñuqir ['ɲuqir]

n. 5aq.^[12] ashes

• nuspes ['nuspes]

4sol. cow

• nopāzma [no'paːzma]

n. 1lun hell^[4]

Sīkudi nopāzmi! — Seven hells!

• nyke ['nyke]

pers.pron. I.

• nykēla [ny'keːla]

refl. 1lun. myself

O

• obūljagon [o'buːʎagon]

v. C-fin. to bend ^[98]

• obūljarion [o'buːʎaɾi͡on]

n. 3ter. surrender (< obūljagon)

Belmurtī ivestrās kesīr pōnte jiōrinna se pōjon obūljarion mazōrīnna. — Tell the slavers I will receive them here and accept their surrender.

• ōdres ['oːdres]

n. 4sol. pain; damage.^[99]

• ōdrikagon [oː'drikagon]

v. C-fin.? "to harm." ( < ōdres)

daorys ziry ōdrikilza. — no one will harm him.

• ōdrio ['oːdri͡o]

n. 3lun. wound (from the same root as ōdres, but "different ... because it’s a specific pain, not a general sensation."^[100])

Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi... — Some old wounds never truly heal...

• ōghar ['oːɣar]

n. 1aq.^[12] hair

• ohīlagon [oˈhiːlagon]

v. C-fin. to stab (poss. oz- + hīlagon.)

• oiro [o'iro]

n. 3lun. fat

• ojughagon [oju'ɣagon]

perfect: ojūdan^[101]

v. to lose^[67] (perh. oz- + rughagon?)

• oktion ['okti͡on]

n. 3ter city

Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. — Send a man to the city gates.

• olvie ['olvi͡e] olvior

adj. III much, many

Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor. — I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.

Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa. — So much news I have to give you from over the seas.

• ondor ['ondor]

n. 6col.sol. powers (relex. col. of ondos.)

Kesys ondor avy sytilībus daor. — You should not have these powers.

• ondos ['ondos]

n. 3sol. hand. For ondor and ondoso see the respective entries.

• ondoso ['ondoso]

postp.→gen. by, at the hand of, used with passive verbs to mark the agent. (Inst. of ondos.)

Valo ondoso Aerys iderēbaks. — Aerys is selected for by the man.

• ōños ['oːɲos]

n. 3sol. light

Roberti Dāri zȳhi nekēpti se Āeksiot Ōño jemagon. — Turn King Robert away from his idols and toward the Lord of Light.

• ōrbar ['oːɾbar]

n. 1aq.^[12] smoke

• ōregon ['oːɾegon]

v. V-fin. to hold

Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks. — I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.

• ospȳnagon [os'spyːnagon]

v. C-fin. to squeeze (probably oz- + unknown verb *pȳnagon.)

• ossēnagon [os'seːnagon]

v. C-fin. to kill, to slay. ( < oz- + sēnagon, itself possibly meaning kill.)

Dovaogēdys! Āeksia ossēnātās, menti ossēnātās! — Unsullied! Slay the masters, slay the soldiers!

• ossȳngagon^[102] [os'syːŋgagon]

v. to terrify, terrorize (Etymology unknown but does not contain oz-^[103], and is not primordially related to zūgagon^[104].)

• ossȳngnon [os'syːŋgnon]^[16]

n. 3ter. terror ( < ossȳngagon + -non.)

Kesrio syt bantis zōbrie issa se ossȳngnoti lēdys. — For the night is dark and full of terrors

• otāpagon [o'taːpagon]

v. to think

Skoros otāpā? — What do you think?

• ōtor ['oːtor]

n. 3aq. ram, male sheep.^[19]

• ovoño [o'voɲo]

n. 3lun. jasmine flower.^[105]

P

• paghagon [pa'ɣagon]

v. C-fin. breathe

• paktot ['paktot]

adv. to the right; to the side, beside

Jevys qrinuntys jemo paktot issa — Your enemy is beside you.

• pamagon [pa'magon]

v. C-fin. to rub

• pār [paːr]

pron. then, at that time

• parklon ['paɾklon]

n. 3ter. meat

• parmon ['paɾmon]

n. 3ter. grass

• pālegon ['paːlegon]

v. V-fin. to turn

• pāletilla [paːle'tilla]

n. 1aq°.^[12] crown^[106] ( < pālegon + -illa.)

• pāsagon ['paːsagon]

perfect: pāstan

v. C-fin. to trust esp. in perf., believe esp. in imperf.^[107]

Kepa zȳhe tale pāsiles. — The father believed his daughter.

• pelar ['pelar]

n. 1aq wave^[108]

• pelōñe [pe'loːɲe]

adj. II coming from the waves (< pelar + -ōñe)^[108]

• pēko ['peːko]

n. 3lun^[12] olive

• peldio ['peldi͡o]

n. 3lun. snake, viper (possibly from a verb root *pel- meaning something like to wiggle, undulate, wave? Cf. pelar.)

Peldiō sȳndor. — The viper's shadow.^[109]

• pendagon ['pendagon]

v. V-fin. to wonder.

• perzys ['peɾzys]

n. 2sol. fire, flame;^[110] zīrtys perzys^[111] frozen fire, dragonglass, obsidian.

Perzys Ānogār. — Fire and Blood.

col. perzyr fire as a substance.

• pikībagon [pi'kiːbagon]

v. C-fin. to read.

perfect: pikīptan

• pirta ['piɾtir]

adj. III false (etymology unknown. Possibly derived from an obsolete verb *piragon to lie, but no such verb exists in the Classical language.)

• pirtir ['piɾtir]

n. 5aq. falsehood, lie (subs. of pirta.)

Kostilus jevi āeksia yno bē pirtra jemot vestretis. — Your masters may have told you lies about me.

• pilogon [pi'logon]

v. V-fin. to hold.

Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās — Slay every man who holds a whip!

• pogry ['pogry]

n. 2lun. nail

• pōnta ['poːnta]

pers.pron. they.

• pōntāla [poːn'taːla]

pers.pron. themselves

• pōja ['poːja] -ys, -on, -or

poss. adj. I their

• pōjon ['poːjon]

pron. theirs

• pragrion ['pragri͡on]

n. 3ter bark

• prūbres ['pruːbres]

n. 4sol apple ^[112]

• prūmia ['pruːmi͡a]

n. 1lun. heart.

Dārys issa vestris, se prūmio ñuho konir drējior issa. — They say he is a king and of my heart that is true.

Ñuho prūmiā iksā. — You are in my heart.^[113]

• pryjagon [pry'jagon]

perfect: pryjatan

v. V-fin. to destroy;^[114] strike off. Perf.pass.part. pryjata "destroyed."

Urnet luo buzdaro tolvio belma pryjātās! — Strike the chains off every slave you see!

• pryjatys [pry'jatys]

n. 2sol. destroyer, breaker ( < pryjagon + -tys.)

Belmo Pryjatys — Breaker of Chains

• puatta [ˈpu͡atta] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I rotten (possibly a perfect participle)

• pungos ['puŋgos]

n. 3sol. nose

• purtagon ['purtagon]

v. C-fin. to scratch

• pyghagon [py'ɣagon]

v. C-fin. to jump; to beat (of the heart)

perfect: pȳdan

...rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie. — ... with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.

• pykagon [py'kagon]

v. C-fin. to spit

• pyrys ['pyɾys]

num. 2sol. thousand^[115]

Q

• qablos ['qablos]

n. 3sol.^[12] liver

• qana [ˈqana] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I sharp

• qanemagon [qane'magon]

v. C-fin. to sharpen. ( < qane + -emagon.)

perfect: qanēdan

• qelbar ['qelbar]

n. 1aq. river.

• Qelbria ['qelbri͡a]

n. 1lun. the Riverlands.

Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor. — I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.

• qelbōñe [qel'boːɲe]

adj. II that lives/comes from the river (< qelbar + -ōñe.)^[116] qelbōñe kēli river otter.

• qeldlie ['qeldli͡e] -ior

adj. III yellow, golden-colored

Ondos Qeldlie — Goldenhand^[117]

• qēlos ['qeːlos]

n. 3sol. star

• qilōnarion [qi'loːnaɾi͡on]

n. 3ter punishment (substantivized participle from *qilōnagon, presumably to punish. Akin to qilōny.)

Qilōnario Geron. — Walk of Punishment.

• qilōny [qi'loːny]

n. 2lun. whip

Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās. — Slay every man who holds a whip.

• qogron ['qogron]

n. 3ter. line (prob. in the military sense; see qogror below.)

• qogror ['qogror]

n. 6col.ter. ranks; class, type, gender (relexicalized collective of qogron).

Jenti jevi jemēle iderēbilātās, qogrondo jevo hēdrȳ — You will select your own leader, from amongst your own ranks.

vēzenkon qogror. — “solar class”.^[52]

• qopsa ['qopsa] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I hard, difficult

Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.

• qrīdronnor [qriː'dronnor]

n. 6col.3ter? Chaos.^[50] (< qrin- + rholagon + -non, lit. (pejorative) mixture.)^[118]

Qrīdronnor hepvos issa. — Chaos is a ladder.

• qrīdrughagon [qriːdru'ɣagon]

v. C-fin. to throw away. ( < qrin- + rughagon, with the same n-deletion rule^[119] seen in bianor→biādra.)

• qrimbrōzagon [ˈqrimbroːzagon]

perfect: qrimbrōstan

v. C-fin to curse (lit. to name badly, < qrin- + brōzagon.)

• qrimbughegon [qrimbuˈɣegon]

v. V-fin. to drown^[101] ( < qrin- + bughegon.)

• qringaomagon [qriŋ'gao̯magon]

v. C-fin. to fail, to err. ( < qrin- + gaomagon.)

perfect: qringōntan

"Skorion massitas?" "Qringōntan." — "What happened?" "I failed."

Valar Qringaomis. — All men must fail.^[120]

• qrinuntenka [qrinun'tenka]

adj. I antagonistic^[121]

• qrinuntys [qri'nuntys]

n. 2sol. enemy

Jevys qrinuntys jemo paktot issa — Your enemy is beside you.

• qryldes ['qryldes]

4sol. male pig

• quba [ˈquba] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I bad

• qumblie ['qumbli͡e]

adj. III thick

• quptenka [qup'teŋka] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I pagan; Quptenkys Ēngos The Common Tongue; ( < quptys.)

Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis? — Do you speak the Common tongue?

• quptys ['quptys]

n. 2sol. heathen

Quptyssy pontālī johegzi se jomōzū. — The heathen continue to slaughter each other and you continue to get drunk

• qurdon [ˈquɾdon]

n. 3ter. table

• qūvy [ˈquːvy]

n. 2lun. tear

R

• raedes ['rae̯des]

4sol. scorpion

• rāenābagon [raːe̯'naːbagon]

v. C-fin. to wash ( < rāena- + -ēbagon.)

• rāenagon ['raːe̯nagon]

v. C-fin. to wipe

• rāenion ['raːe̯ni͡on]

3ter shore (probably connected to rāenagon and rāenābagon, with the idea of the land that the sea washes.)

• rȳ [ryː]

post.→gen. between, through, across, throughout.

Jevo glaesoti rȳ buzdari istiat. — You have been slaves all your life.

• rāelagon ['raːe̯lagon]

v. C-fin. to hold

Ȳghāpī īlōn rāelza. — He holds us safe.

• rāpūljagon [raː'puːʎagon]

v. C-fin. to soften. (-ūljagon inchoative from word for "soft," probably *rāpa.)

perfect: rāpūltan

• raqagon [ra'qagon]

perfect: rattan^[122]

v. to like, to love, "lighter" than jorrāelagon^[123]

Dohaeriakson raqan. — I like to be served.^[31]

Avy jorrāelan. Avy raqan. — I love you. I love you.

• raqiros [ra'qiros]

n. 3sol. friend (relex. aor. part. of raqagon).

Zūgagon daor, ñuhys raqiros. — Don’t be afraid, my friend.

• raqiarzy [ra'qi͡aɾzy]

n. 2lun beloved^[124] (nominalized aorist passive participle of raqagon.)

• raqnon ['raqnon]

n. 3ter. love^[93]

Raqnon nākostōbāves issa. — Love is weakness.

• rebagon [re'bagon]

v. to pass

Ynot rebagon. — Let me pass.

• relgos ['relgos]

n. 3sol. mouth

• remio ['remi͡o]

n. 3lun. gate

Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. — Send a man to the city gates.

• Rhaegal ['r̥ae̯gal]

n. 6for.^[125] Rhaegal

• rhaenagon ['r̥aenagon]

perfect: rhēdan

v. C-fin. to meet; in certain contexts to begin.

Sūbroma tubis rhaenin. — I begin my day with tea.^[126]

• rhēdegon ['r̥eːdegon]

v. V-fin to know a person, to be acquainted with (the eventative form of rhaenagon, to meet.)

Ābra kepe rhēdes lua vala raqiros issa. — The man whose father the woman knows is a friend.

• rholagon [r̥o'lagon]

v. C-fin. to mix^[118]

• *rhūqes

n. 4sol. pigeon^[4]

Tolī rhūqo lōtinti, kostilus. — More pigeon pie, please.

• rijagon [ri'jagon]

perfect: riddan

v. C-fin. to praise. (cf. rijes.)

Dārys azanti rijas. — The king praises the soldier.^[127]

• rijes [ri'jes]

n. 4sol. praise. (cf. rijagon.)

• rijībagon [ri'jiːbagon]

v. C-fin. to worship ( < rijagon + -ībagon.)

Aōhoso ziry rijībiā, se ñuhoso ziry rijībin. — You worship Him your way, and I'll worship Him mine.

• riña ['riɲa]

n. 1lun. girl, maiden; child

Gryves se Riña Litse. — The Bear and the Maiden Fair.

qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās, yn riñe dōre ōdrikātās. — slay every man who holds a whip, but harm no child.

coll. riñar children.

• riñītsos [ri'ɲiːtsos]

n. 3sol. little child; little girl^[128] (riña + -ītsos.)

• ripo ['ripo]

n. 3lun. the pit or stone of a fruit.

• rizmon ['rizmon]

n. 3ter. sand

• rōbir ['roːbir]

n. 5aq.^[12] fig.

Sparos rōbir angotas. — Who bit the fig?

• ropagon [ro'pagon]

perfect: ropatas^[129]

v. V-fin. to fall

• rōva ['roːva] , comp. rōvykta

adj. I big

Davido zaldrīzes aōhos zaldrīzose rōvyktys issa. — David’s dragon is bigger than your dragon.

• rōvēgrī [roː'veːgriː]

adv. greatly, enormously ( < rōva + -ī.)

Rōvēgrī qringōntan. — I’ve erred enormously^[130]

• ruaka [ˈru͡aka]

adj. I dull

• rudigon [ru'digon]

v. V-fin. dig

• rughagon [ru'ɣagon]

perfect: rūdan

v. C-fin. to drop; in the reflexive to quit.

Aōle rūda, nūmāzma issa. — You quit, you mean.

• rūklon ['ruːklon]

n. 3ter. flower^[131]

Rūkluni ynot teptas lua vala bisy issa. — This is the man who gave me some flowers.

• Rullor [rul'lor]^[132]

6for^[133] R'hllor, the Lord of Light (possibly from Asshai'i.)

Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor. — I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.

• rūs^[134] [ruːs]

n. 3sol. baby.

Ȳghāpī īlōn rāelza, kesrio syt lanta iksan, rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie. — He holds us safe, for now I am two, with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.

• rȳbagon ['ryːbagon]

perfect: ryptan

v. C-fin. to hear.

• ryptegon ['ryptegon]

v. V-fin. to listen (eventative of rȳbagon.)

• rytsa ['rytsa]

adj. I healthy

• rytsas ['rytsas]

exp. hello. ( < rytsa)

S

• saelie ['sae̯li͡e] -ior

num. adj. III third

• sagon ['sagon]

perfect: istan

v. irreg. to be.

• sambar ['sambar]

n. 1aq. cloud

• sambrar ['sambrar]

n. 6col.1aq. fog (col. of sambar cloud.)

• se [se]

conj. and

Gryves se Riña Litse. — The Bear and the Maiden Fair.

• sepār ['sepaːr]

conj. and especially where consecutivity is implied, and then, next ( < se + an unknown element -pār.)

Mirri ōdria uēpi dōrī drējī zgiēñisi, sepār hen mībājȳr udīr ānogrosa anehussi. — Some old wounds never truly heal, and bleed again at the slightest word.

• sesīr ['sesiːr]

conj. even; and now; and so. ( < se "and" + sīr "now".)

Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.

Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa. — And Now His Watch Is Ended.

Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan. — You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.

• sīglie ['siːgli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III seventh

• sikagon [si'kagon]

v. C-fin. to give birth to, to bear

perfect: sittan

Tubī hae kesīr sittāks, sesīr kirine iksan. — You were born on a day like this one, and so I am happy.

• sīkuda ['siːkuda] -ys, -on, -on

num. adj. I seven

• sīkudēpsa ['siːkudeːpsa] indec.

num. seventy

• sīmonagon [siːmo'nagon]

perfect: sīmontan

v. C-fin. to rise

• sindigon ['sindigon]

v. V-fin. to buy^[135]

• sīr [siːr]

adv. now

Yn dāeri vali sīr issi — But you are free men now.

• sīudīblie ['siːudiːbli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III seventieth

• skore ['skoɾe] -ior

int.pron. adj. II which for inanimates, what

• skorī ['skoɾiː]

int.pron. when?

Skorī vala rōbir angotas? — When did the man bite the fig?

conj./rel.pron. when

Skorī dēmalȳti tymptir tymis, ērinis iā morghūlis. — When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die.

• skorion ['skoɾi͡on]

int.pron. 3ter. what esp. for places, mass nouns, and abstracts

"Skorion massitas?" — "What happened?"

skorio syt why

• skoriot ['skoɾi͡ot]

int.pron. where? (loc. of skorion.)

SKORIOT ÑUHYZ ZALDRĪZESSE ISSI?! — WHERE ARE MY DRAGONS?!^[136]

• skoros ['skoɾos]

int.pron. 3sol. what esp. for concrete, countable items

Skoros otāpā? — What do you think?

Skoroso jemēle brōzāt? — What are your names?

skoro syt why

• skorkydoso [skoɾky'doso]

int.pron. how ( < skore + -kydoso.)

• skorȳso ['skoɾyːso]

int.pron. why; conj. because properly used in this sense only in response to a question. (instrumental of skoros.)

• sombāzmion [som'baːzmi͡on]

n. 3ter. castle^[137] ( < *somby, possibly meaning "shield," cf. sumby, -āzma, -ion.)

• sōna ['soːna]

n. 1lun. snow

• sōnar ['soːnar]

n. 6col.1lun. winter^[138] (relex. col. of sōna.)

Sōnar Māzis — Winter Is Coming

• sōpagon ['soːpagon]

v. C-fin. to laugh

• sōvegon ['soːvegon]

v. V-fin. to fly

• spare ['spaɾe] -ior

int.pron. adj. II which for animates

• sparion ['spaɾi͡on]

int.pron. 3ter. who esp. for mass nouns, and abstracts.

• sparos ['spaɾos]

int.pron. who esp. for concrete, countable entities.

Sparos rōbir angotas. — Who bit the fig?

sparo syt For whom? On account of whom? For whose sake?

• sūmar^[139] ['suːmar] sūbr-

n. 1aq. tea

Sūbroma tubis rhaenin. — I begin my day with tea.^[126]

• suvion [ˈsuvio͡n]

n. 3ter ice

Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.

• sylugon [sy'lugon]

v. V-fin. to try^[140]

• sylutegon [sylu'tegon]

v. V-fin. trans. to taste something^[33] (eventative of sylugon).

• sȳndor ['syːndor]

n. 6col.3^[141] Shadow ^[109]

Peldiō sȳndor. — The viper's shadow.

• sȳrī [ˈsyːɾiː]

adv. well

Sȳrī avy ūjus dohaeragon. — May it serve you well.

• syt [syt]

postp.→gen. for. Skoro syt why? (prob. historically the locative or dative of an unknown or lost noun, perhaps something like *sion, or maybe something related to sȳz.)

rūso zȳhosy gōvilirose zijo syt pyghas lue prūmie. — with his child beneath the heart that beats for him.

• sytiderēbagon [sytide'ɾeːbagon]

perfect: sytiderēptan

v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to chose for, select for. +acc: the person for whom the thing is selected (this applies even in the passive), +dat: the thing selected. ( < syt- + i- + derēbagon.)

Vala rōbrȳti Aeri sytiderēbza. — The man selects figs for Aerys."

Aeri sytiderēbaks. — Aerys is selected for.

• sytilībagon [syti'liːbagon]

v. C-fin. to belong. (prob. < syt- + il- + -ībagon.)

• sytivīlībagon [sytiviː'liːbagon]

v. Obl. appl. C-fin. to fight for →acc. ( < syt- + i- + vīlībagon "to fight".)

Yne sytivīlībilāt? Hae dāero valoti? — Will you fight for me? As free men?

• sȳz [syːz] sȳrior

adj. II good

Kydȳptakson sȳz kesos. — It would be good to have been measured.^[31]

T

• tāemītsos ['taːe̯miːtsos]

n. 3sol. stick (diminutive of unattested noun, presumably meaning something like branch.)

• tala ['tala]

n. 1lun. daughter^[142]

• Targārien [taɾ'gaːɾi͡en]

n. 4ter.^[12] Targaryen a family name.

Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen.

• tatagon [ta'tagon]

v. C-fin. to finish.

perfect: tetan

• tēgie ['teːgi͡e] -ior

adj. III curved

• tēgigon ['teːgigon]

v. V-fin. int. to curve, be curved.

• tēgir ['teːgir]

n. 5aq. curve

• tegon ['tegon]

n. 3ter. ground. pauc. tegun land. coll.^[143] tegor lands collectively.^[144]

• tegōñe [te'goːɳe] -or

adj. II terrestrial ( < tegon + -ōñe.)

• tegun ['tegun]

n. 6col.3ter. land. coll. tegor lands collectively.^[144] (relex. pauc. of tegon)

• temby ['temby]

n. 2lun. leaf.

• tembyr ['tembyr]

n. 6col.2lun. book.^[145] (col. of temby.)

• tepagon ['tepagon]

v. C-fin. to give.

perfect: teptan

Kesȳ tubī jemot dāervi tepan. — Today I give you freedom.

• Thoros ['θoɾos]

n. 3sol(?) Thoros, a name.

• tīkor ['tiːkor]

n. 6col.sol. flock of birds^[146] (col. of tīkos.)

• tīkos ['tiːkos]

n. 3sol. feather^[146]

• tīkun ['tiːkun] (pauc. of tīkos.)

n. 6pauc.sol wing^[146]

Tīkuni Zōbrī, Udra Zōbriar — Dark Wings, Dark Words

• timpa ['timpa] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I white

• tindon ['tindon]

n. 3ter. root

• tista ['tista] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I dry (poss. a perf. part.)

• tistālior [ti'staːli͡or]

n. 6col? bank

Āegenkor Tistālior jāhor gurotriri emilza. — The Iron Bank will have its due.^[5]

• tolī ['toliː]

adv. above; after^[47]

excessively, too

Mittys iksā. Āeksia tolī kostōbi issi. — You’re a fool. The masters are too strong.

more^[4]

Tolī rhūqo lōtinti, kostilus. — More pigeon pie, please.

• tolie ['toli͡e] -ior

adj. III other (perh. lit. higher, cf. tolī, toliot.)

Muñar aōt teptas lue brōzi, iā mirre tolie iderēbās. — Choose the name your parents gave you, or any other.

• toliot ['toli͡ot]

post.→gen. above, over; after^[47]

• tolmiot ['tolmi͡ot]

adv. far

post.→gen. across (loc. of unknown noun meaning "far side." The fact that it can be combined with hen supports this notion.)

Olvie hen embraro tolmiot nykēlot avy ivestragon issa. — So much news I have to give you from over the seas.

• tolvie ['tolvi͡e] -ior

adj. III every

Qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās. — Slay every man who holds a whip.

• tolvys ['tolvys]

indef.pron. 2sol. everyone

Tolvys morghūlis. — Everyone must die.

• tōma ['toːma] -ys, -on, -on

num. adj. I five

• tōmo ['toːmo]

n. 3lun. elderberry plant ( < tōma, referring to the five-petaled blossoms.)

• tōmelie ['toːmeli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III fifth

• tōmēpsa [toː'meːpsa] indec.

num. fifty

• tōmīblie [toː'miːbli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III fiftieth

• tōmītsos [toː'miːtsos]

n. 3sol. elderberry ( < tōmo + -ītsos.)

• trēsy ['treːsy]

n. 2lun. son.^[147]

Tȳni Trēsi — Second Sons

• trūma ['truːma]

adj. III deep

• trūmirī ['truːmiɾiː]

adv. deeply ( < trūma + -ī.)

• tubis ['tubis]

n. 5sol. day; kesȳ tubī, tubī^[4] adv. today

Kesȳ tubī jemot dāervi tepan. — Today I give you freedom.

Tubī daor. — Not today.^[4]

• turgon [tuɾ'gon]

n. 3ter. worm.^[148]

• tymagon [ty'magon]

perfect: tymptan

v. C-fin. to play

• tymptir ['tymptir]

n. 5aq. game (substantivized perf. part. of tymagon.)

Tymptir Dēmalȳti — A Game of Thrones^[27]

• tȳne ['tyːne] -ior

num. adj. II second; secondary.

• tyvagon [tyˈvagon]

perfect: tȳdan

v. C-fin. to crawl, to creep

• tyvaros [tyˈvaɾos]

n.sol. serpent, snake (subst. part. of tyvagon.)

U

• ubles ['ubles]

n. 4sol. eel

• udir ['udir]

n. 5aq. word^[149] (poss. distantly related to ȳdragon.)^[150]

Tīkuni Zōbrī, Udra Zōbriar — Dark Wings, Dark Words

May also be used, just like English word, in the sense of news:

Se vasīr dorior udir Drogo bē? — And still no word of Drogon?^[151]

• udligon [u'dligon]

v. V-fin. to respond

Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis. — I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.

• udrāzma [u'draːzma]

n. 1lun. command ( < udr- + -āzma.)

Udrāzmī jemot maghon daor. — I do not bring you commands.

• udrir ['udrir]

n. 6col.aq. language (relex. coll. of udir.)

Dōrior dārion udrirzi mijessis. — There’s no country without a language.

• uēmagon ['u͡eːmagon]

v. C-fin to vomit (could possibly be a locative-applicative from u-, but if so the base verb is not yet attested. The long ē makes emagon highly unlikely.)

• uēpa ['u͡eːpa]

adj. I old

Nyke Daenerys Jelmāzmo hen Targārio Lentrot, hen Valyrio Uēpo ānogār iksan. — I am Daenerys Stormborn of the House Targaryen, of the blood of Old Valyria.

• ūja ['uːja]

pers.pron. it, (he, she) (terrestrial, aquatic).

• umbagon [ˈumbagon]

perfect: umptan^[56]

v. C-fin. to stay, to wait, to remain^[152]

• ūñagon [uː'ɳagon]

v. C-fin. to count

• ūndegon ['uːndetan]

v. V-fin. to see, to catch sight of, to sight (eventative of urnegon.)

Olvī voktī Rulloro Qelbriā ūndessun daor. — I don’t see many priestesses of R’hllor in the Riverlands.

Ābre kustittas lue vale ūndetan. — I saw the man who encouraged the woman.

• unektogon [u'nektogon]

v. Loc. appl. V-fin. to cut out. ( < u- + nektogon.)

• urnēbagon [uɾ'neːbagon]

v. C-fin. to watch. ( < urnegon + -ēbagon.)

• urnēbion [uɾ'neːbi͡on]

n. 3ter. watch.

Sesīr Urnēbion Zȳhon Keliton Issa. — And Now His Watch Is Ended.

• urnegon ['uɾnegon]

perfect: ūndan

v. V-fin. to see.

V

• va [va]

prep.→loc. towards, at, near; →dat. to, all the way up to.

Va oktio remȳti vale jikās. — Send a man to the city gates.

• vāedagon ['vaːe̯dagon]

perfect: vāettan^[56]

v. C-fin to sing

• vāedar ['vaːe̯dar]

n. 1aq. song

Ziry kivio dārilaros issa, se zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — He is the prince that was promised, and his is the song of ice and fire.

• vala ['vala]

n. 1lun. man. Valar morghūlis All men must die, a common greeting. Valar dohaeris All men must serve, the response to valar morghūlis

Henujagon jaelza lua vala mirre henujagon kostas. — Any man who wishes to leave may leave.

• valonqar [va'lonqar]

n. 1aq. little brother (Some propose a connection to vala man, but this is uncertain.)^[153]

• Valyria [va'lyɾi͡a]

n. 1lun. Valyria. Valyrio udrir the Valyrian language.

Valyrio muño ēngos ñuhys issa. — Valyrian is my mother tongue.

• Valyrīha [valy'ɾiːha]

adj. I. Valyrian. ( < Valyria + -sīha.)

• Valyrīhy [valy'ɾiːhy]

n. 2lun. Valyrian, i.e. a Valyrian person, or a person from the Valyrian peninsula. (Substantivized form of Valyrīha.)

• valzȳrys [val'zyːɾys]

n. 2sol. husband ( < vala + -zȳrys.)

Nykēlo syt ūndon daor luo valzȳro ñōghossi ōressiks. — I find myself held by the arms of a husband I never expected to have.

• vamiot ['vami͡ot]

adv. near (possibly the locative of an unknown noun, containing va-)

• vaogenka [vao̯'geŋka] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I dirty ( < vaog-, as in dovaogedy, + -enka.)

• vaokses ['vao̯kses]

n. 4sol. Spider. ^[154]

• vaoresagon ['vao̯ɾesagon]

v. Loc. appl. C-fin(?) to prefer, to favor →gen/dat. ( < u- + *aoresagon)

Valo luo vaoresan. — I prefer one which is a man‘s.

• vaoreznon [vao̯'ɾeznon]

n. 3ter. favor (prob. a verbal noun of the hepnon-type.)

Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis. — I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.

• vasīr ['vasiːr]

adv. still, as yet, so far ( < va + sīr.)

Se vasīr Drogon ūndetoks daor? — And as yet Drogon hasn’t been sighted?^[151]

• vasrie ['vasri͡e] -ior

adj. III thin

• vējes ['veːjes]

n. 4sol. fate, doom (including The Doom of Valyria)^[155]

Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.

in the inst. vējose! intj. "By fate!"^[156]

• velkrys ['velkrys]

2sol. stag, male deer.^[22]

• verdagon ['veɾdagon]

perfect: vēttan

v. C-fin. to arrange; to make (a decision).

Lo jention mirre nūmāzme ēza, iderenna qopsa verdagon issa. — If leadership is about anything, it’s about making hard choices.

• Vesteros ['vesteros]

n. 3sol. Westeros

Dāria Sikudo Dārȳti Vestero — the Queen of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros

• vestragon ['vestragon]

perfect: vestretan

v. C-fin to say

Skoros morghot vestri? — What do we say to death?^[157]

with impersonal subject it seems →dat. to^[158]

• vestretir ['vestretir]

n. 5aq. proclamation, statement^[159] (substantivized perfect participle of vestragon, lit. that which has been said.)

• vēttrir ['veːttrir]

n. 6col.5aq. law (collective of the substantivized perfect participle of verdagon, lit. what has been arranged.)

Vēttrir vēttrir issa. — The law is the law.^[160]

• vēzos ['veːzos]

n. 3sol. sun

• vēzenka [veː'zeŋka]

adj. I solar ( < vēzos + -enka.)

vēzenkon qogror. — “solar class”.^[52]

• vīlībagon [viː'liːbagon]

v. C-fin. to fight

• vīlībāzma [viːliː'baːzma]

n. 1lun. war ( < vīlībagon + -āzma.); instr. vīlībāzmosa by combat (concerning a trial)

Vīlībāzma ajomemēbza, yn aderī, mōrī, aōt māzīli se hēnkirī īlvi biarvī manaerili. — The war rages on, but soon, when it is all over, we shall come to you and celebrate together.

• voktys ['voktys]

n. 2sol. priest, priestess.

Voktys Eglie aōt gaomilaksir teptas. — The High Priest gave you a mission.

• vollie ['volli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III ninth.

• vōre ['voːɾe] -ior

num. adj. II nine.

• vōrēpsa [voː'ɾeːpsa] indec.

num. ninety.

• vōrīblie [voː'ɾiːbli͡e] -ior

num. adj. III ninetieth.

• vūjigon ['vuːjigon]

v. V-fin. to kiss

Perzo Vūjita — Kissed by Fire

Y

• ybon ['ybon]

n. 3ter. knee

• ȳdragon ['yːdragon]

v. V-fin. to speak

Quptenkos Ēngoso ȳdrassis? — Do you speak the Common tongue?

• ȳgha ['yːɣa]

adj. I safe

Ȳghāpī īlōn rāelza — He holds us safe

• yknagon ['yknagon]

v. V-fin. to smell

• yn [yn]

conj. but.

qilōni pilos lue vale tolvie ossēnātās, yn riñe dōre ōdrikātās. — slay every man who holds a whip, but harm no child.

• yne, ynot etc., see nyke.
• ȳrda ['yːɾda] -ys, -on, -or

adj. I narrow

• ȳrgos ['yːɾgos]

n. 3sol. neck

• Yunkai ['juŋkai̯] gen. Yunkaiho

n. 6for.ter Yunkai ( < Ghiscari)

Lodaor hēnkos vējose hae Astaprot Yunkai botilza. — Otherwise, Yunkai will suffer the same fate as Astapor.

Z

• zālagon ['zaːlagon]

perfect: zaltan?

v. c-fin. to burn

• zaldrīzes [zal'driːzes]

n. 4sol. dragon. ( < zālagon.)

Zaldrīzes buzdari iksos daor. — A dragon is not a slave.

• zentys ['zentys]

n.2sol. guest

Bisi vali īlvyz zentyssy issi. — These men are our guests.

• ziksoso [zi'ksoso]

adv. in his way, as he wishes (unknown; cf. ñyhoso & aōhoso for which corresponding form should be *zȳhoso.)

Āeksiot zȳhon vaoreznon jepin, se ziksoso udlissis. — I ask the Lord for His favor, and He responds as He will.

• zīragon ['ziːɾagon]

perfect: zīrtan

v. C-fin. to freeze; zīrtys perzys^[111] frozen fire, dragonglass, obsidian

• ziry ['ziɾy]

pron. he, she, (it) (solar & lunar).

• zirȳla [zi'ɾyːla]

refl. 1lun. himself, herself, itself

• zōbrie ['zoːbri͡e], -ior

adj. III dark; black

Tīkuni Zōbrī, Udra Zōbriar — Dark Wings, Dark Words

• zokla ['zokla]

n. 1lun. wolf

• zoklītsos [zo'kliːtsos]

n. 3sol. little wolf ( < zokla + -ītsos.)

• zūgagon ['zuːgagon]

v. C-fin. to fear

Morghot nēdyssy sesīr zūgusy azantys vestras. — The knight says that even the brave men fear death.

• zȳha ['zyːha] -ys, -on, -or

poss. adj. I his, her, its.

• zȳhon ['zyːhon]

poss.pron. 3ter. his, hers, (its).

Zȳhon suvio perzō vāedar issa. — His is the song of ice and fire.

Abbreviations

adj. adjective

adv. adverb

aq. or ≈ aquatic

conj. conjunction

dem. demonstrative

exp. expression

intj. interjection

lun. or ☾ lunar

n. noun

num. numeral

postp. postposition

pron. pronoun

prep. preposition

sol. or ☉ solar

ter. or ♁ terrestrial

v. verb

C-fin. consonant-final

V-fin. vowel-final

→acc. triggers accusative

→gen. triggers genitive

→dat. triggers dative

→inst. triggers instrumental

→loc. triggers locative

° unexpected gender

Further Information

For information on conjugation, declension, etc. see the pages below.

For words listed according to subject matter, see

Notes

Vocabulary
Dothraki • High Valyrian • Astapori Valyrian • Meereenese Valyrian